of the SLIM MSA, using
Standardized Lab Integration Modules,
with Tracking Generator addition, and
Vector Network Analyzer extension
Updated 6-25-10. Updated the Wiring Diagrams to include the new SLIM-2P4T Filter Bank Switch.
Updated 11-20-10: Engineering Change Notice, see SLIM-PDM Revision C, addition of 2 capacitors.
Updated 2-24-11: Add optional Amplifier to increase reverse isolation between Mixer 3 and PLO 2.
Updated 11-29-11. Updated the Wiring Diagram to Rev D, to include new optional modules
There are 3 Construction Levels for an MSA
Level 1, The Basic MSA, a Spectrum Analyzer. It is the core of hardware required to expand the MSA into other functions. Its operating range is from a 0 to 3 GHz, in three Bands; 1G, 2G, and 3G. This page will describe the Basic MSA construction using SLIMs.
Level 2, The MSA/TG, a Tracking Generator Addition to the Basic MSA. This page will show the additional three SLIMs required and how they are integrated. This transforms the Basic MSA into not only a Spectrum Analyzer with Tracking Generator, but also a Scalar Network Analyzer with even more Functions.
Level 3, The VNA, Vector Network Analyzer, a phase measurement extension to the MSA/TG. This page will show the two additional SLIMs required and how they are integrated. This addition to the MSA/TG creates the MSA/TG/VNA, or just VNA.
This page will describe the SLIM MSA Integration, using block diagrams, a list of required modules, and a recommended integration layout. The SLIM MSA is functionally identical to the Original MSA, but constructed using SLIMs. Readers who have built, or are in the process of building the Original MSA using modules that are not specifically SLIMs, may still use this page as a guide. I am concentrating on the SLIM MSA, but it does not obsolete my Original MSA design. The Original MSA will continue to be supported in the software. If you are interested in building only the Basic Spectrum Analyzer, simply disregard the additional requirements to add the Tracking Generator or VNA modules.
SLIMs, Standardized Laboratory Integration Modules are, as the name implies, general purpose modules. This page contains paragraphs describing the necessary modifications to each SLIM, for integration into the SLIM MSA system. Those paragraphs will contain links to the pages that describe the SLIMs in detail, with full documentation. SLIM documentation includes everything needed to build a SLIM. Here is the main SLIM Web Page, which describes the SLIM system and all of the SLIMs that have been designed.
Jump to major items on this page: (use browser BACK button to return here)
Block Diagram for MSA/TG/VNA
List of SLIMs used in the MSA/TG/VNA
Wiring Diagram MSA
Layout of the MSA/TG/VNA using SLIMs
List of Coaxial Cables
Special Instructions for SLIMs in the MSA
MSA Specifications
Cost of the Basic MSA using SLIMs
Here are other links supporting the construction of the SLIM MSA:
Main Page for the SLIM MSA. Links for all Functions are accessed here.
MSA Control and Operation. Basic operation, control and interface for the MSA.
Set-Up and Calibration Procedures for the MSA. Instructions for downloading software, initial turn-on, calibration, and alignment for the MSA.
Test-As-You-Build, A test procedure for SLIMs as they are built and integrated into the MSA.
Testing the Integrated MSA, A test procedure and troubleshooting guide for a fully integrated MSA.
Technical Analysis of the SLIM MSA. Very handy for troubleshooting the MSA.
Express Printed Wiring Boards for the SLIM MSA, the Tracking Generator and VNA extension.
SLIM Web Page. Description of the "SLIM System" and links supporting all SLIM modules.
Construction Page. Hints on constructing the SLIMs. Before beginning construction of the MSA, or any of the SLIM's, I highly suggest reading these hints. It may save you a lot of potential grief.
Link to Builder's Group for those interested in sharing ideas on the MSA. There are several people in the process of building the MSA and can offer suggestions and comments. This is a Yahoo Group page and you are welcome to join and contribute.
Integrating the MSA, using SLIMs:
The labeled blocks within the following Diagram are Modules, or SLIMs, Standardized Lab Integration Modules. Each SLIM is a functional module, with specific properties. Some of the SLIMs require modifications for proper integration into the MSA. The Coaxial Cavity Filter is not considered a SLIM.
Block Diagram of SLIM MSA/TG/VNA
This Block Diagram shows a fully integrated MSA with Tracking Generator and VNA extension. It is revised to Rev D to show the optional Buffer/Amplifier between Mixer 3 and PLO 2.
A power supply is not shown, and for clarity, the interconnecting wiring harness is not shown. All of the inter-module connections shown, are coaxial cables. I recommend using RG-085, semi rigid cable for all module interconnections. The associated SLIM part numbers are shown in the following Table.
Notice that there is no bandwidth limiting filter preceding the Mixer 1. This option is left up to the builder. With no filtering, the MSA will respond to all input frequencies, from DC to 3 GHz.
Also, the Tracking Generator Output has no filtering. Again, this is left up to the builder. With no filtering, the Tracking Generator will output a combination of frequencies (See the MSA Specifications).
Updated 11-01-09, to show the optional configurations for 1G, 2G, and 3G Band operations.
1. If you are interested in only the 1G Band of operation (0-1000 MHz) and/or 3G Band of operation (2000-3000 MHz) then arrange the coaxial interconnections in the following manner:
a. Connect the output of Mixer 1, J3 directly to the input of the Coaxial Cavity Filter.
b. Connect the output of Mixer 2, J2 directly to the input of the I.F. Amplifier.
c. No other modifications are necessary. Disregard the optional front and rear panel connections in the Block Diagram and Top View Layout.
2. If you are interested in converting to the 2G Band of operation (1000-2000 MHz) then arrange the coaxial interconnections in the following manner:
a. Add 6 panel mount SMA, female/female, barrel connectors to the rear panel.
b. Add coaxial cables from the 6 rear panel connectors to the appropriate SLIMs and Coaxial Cavity Filter, as shown in the Block Diagram and Top View Layout.
c. Add 2 panel mount SMA, female/female, barrel connectors to the front panel.
d. Add coaxial cables from the 2 front panel connectors to the PLO 3 and Mixer 3, as shown in the Block Diagram and Top View Layout.
e. For 1G or 3G Band operation, the rear panel interconnections are: Mixer 1 Out to its adjacent 1G 3G connector, and the IF Amp Input to its adjacent 1G 3G connector. The output of Mixer 1 (J3) is going to the Coaxial Cavity Filter and the output of Mixer 2 is the Final I.F.
f. For 2G Band operation, the rear panel interconnections are: Mixer 1 Out to its adjacent 2G connector, and the IF Amp Input to its adjacent 2G connector. The output of Mixer 1 is the Final I.F.
SLIMs required for the MSA systems:
In the following tables, SLIMs are associated with the modules within the MSA Block Diagram. Each Module name is linked to a paragraph on this page, that gives special instructions on how to incorporate the SLIM into the MSA system. The SLIM part number is linked to the Web Page for that SLIM. If a Parts List is available, "left click" on its "Y" to open it, or "right click" to download it.
Modules used in the Basic SLIM MSA (Build Level 1, no TG or VNA)
| Modules in Block Diagram, Click to jump to paragraph. |
SLIM
used as module, Click to go to Web Page |
Parts List |
Notes: |
| SLIM-SFA-1013 |
Y | Option
to replace Coaxial Cavity Filter |
|
| Mixer 1 |
SLIM-MXR-1 | Y |
|
| DDS 1 |
SLIM-DDS-107 |
Y | Module
Revised 7-23-09 |
| PLO 1 |
SLIM-PLO-1 | Y | *Partial build. Module Revised 7-23-09 |
| Mixer
2 |
SLIM-MXR-2 | Y | |
| PLO 2 |
SLIM-PLO-2 | Y | *Partial build |
| 1024 MHz Multiplier |
Option
to replace PLO 2, Experimental |
||
| I.F. Amplifier | SLIM-IFA-33 | Y | |
| Final
Xtal Filter(s) (Resolution Bandpass Filter) |
PWB-MCF or PWB-CLF-5 |
Monolithic Crystal Filter Crystal Ladder Filter |
|
| Filter Bank Selector | SLIM-2P4T | Y | Optional, Dual 1 of 4 RF Switch |
| Log Detector | SLIM-LD-8306 | Y | *Partial build |
| Master
Oscillator |
SLIM-MO-64 | Y | *Partial build |
| Control Board |
SLIM-CB-NV | Y | *Partial
build. PWB revised 1-20-09 |
| 16 Bit
AtoD
Converter, or |
SLIM-ADC-16 |
Y | *Partial build |
| 12 Bit
AtoD
Converter |
SLIM-ADC-12 | Y | *Partial
build, modified 7-14-08 |
Modules added for the Tracking Generator Addition (Build Level 2, TG but no VNA)
| Modules in Block Diagram, Click to jump to paragraph. |
SLIM
used as module, Click to go to Web Page |
Parts List |
Notes: |
| Mixer
3 |
SLIM-MXR-3 | Y | |
| DDS 3 |
SLIM-DDS-107 |
Y | Module Revised 7-23-09 |
| PLO 3 |
SLIM-PLO-1 | Y | *Partial build. Module Revised 7-23-09 |
| Buffer
Amplifier, Optional |
SLIM-RFA-1 | Y |
Modules added for the VNA Extension (Build Level 3, complete VNA)
| Modules in Block Diagram, Click to jump to paragraph. |
SLIM
used as module, Click to go to Web Page |
Parts List |
Notes: |
| Phase Detector |
SLIM-PDM |
Y | Module Revised 11-20-10 |
| Mixer 4 |
SLIM-MXR-4 |
Y |
For a complete integration of the SLIM MSA, the following items are additionally required:
1. Coaxial Cavity Filter
2. External power supply
The MSA/TG/VNA requires an input of +12 VDC to +15 VDC, with a typical current draw of 750 ma. (600 ma for Basic MSA). I caution the use of Switching Power Supplies. Even if the line regulation is supurb, the switching noise radiated into the air may interfere with the MSA operation. I have always suggested using a linear power supply. For lab use, a hefty "wall wart" will suffice. If the builder decides to incorporate an internal, linear power supply into the MSA, I give this warning: Use a magnetically shielded power transformer. Keep it as far away from the SLIMs as possible. Magnetic induction will show up as 60 Hz spurs (and harmonics).
3. Coaxial cables, to interconnect the SLIMs with RF signals or signals that need shielding.
I recommend RG-085 semi-rigid (hard pipe). There are several 50 ohm varieties of this style and size, so I will not be specific with part numbers. The interconnections are shown in the previous Block Diagram. Connectors are optional for cables and SLIMs but SMA connectors are preferred.
4. Wire harness, to interconnect the SLIMs with power and command signals. I show a single wiring diagram for the MSA/TG/VNA (Build Level 3). Items using Notes 2. and 3. are not required when constructing the Basic MSA, and items using Notes 3. are not required when constructing the MSA/TG.
5. RF panel mount connectors
The MSA's RF panel mount connectors are not specified. They are a builder's preference. They only need a coaxial connection from the front panel to the bottom of the associated SLIMs. I like a type N on the front panel because it is extremely durable.
6. Metal enclosure, to house the MSA system
For a completely portable MSA, the enclosure would be large enough to include a rechargeable 13.6 volt battery, with enough capacity to supply the MSA and a Laptop Computer at the same time.
Integrating the MSA:
Layout of the MSA/TG/VNA using SLIMs
Here is a proposed layout for the SLIM MSA integration. The view is from the top, with the interconnecting coaxial cables on the bottom side of the boards (red and yellow lines). Although this layout is probably accurate, use the Block Diagram as the master document for cable interconnections. The coaxial cavity filter is shown, mounted vertically, in the back of the assembly. This would make the total height of the MSA about 4 inches. For a thinner assembly, the filter could be mounted horizontally, under or behind the modules.
Layout of SLIM MSA/TG/VNA, top view
The optional 2G Path (with LPF) is shown with externally accessable rear panel connectors. The optional 2G Tracking Generator interconnections are on the Front Panel.
Layout of SLIM MSA/TG/VNA, front panel view
A good method for integrating the SLIMS is to use a mounting frame, using a 6 inch by 8 inch piece of .062 inch printed circuit board material (blue) with a top layer of copper. A hole is cut in this board for each SLIM. The hole size is the same size as the original SLIM pwb (ex. 1.2 x 1.2 in). Each SLIM has a fence around it's perimeter (except the Control Board), making it a little wider than the hole. The SLIM is then placed on the board frame, over the hole, and tack soldered in 4 places. This will make it very easy to remove the SLIM in the future. It makes the inside of a SLIM accessable from the top. The wire and coaxial connections are accessable from the bottom.
The coaxial cables are constructed and attached to the modules, on the bottom side. The wiring harness can be connectorized or the wires can be soldered point to point, without connectors. When completed, the perimeter of the carrier board will have room for drilling holes for mounting to the enclosure. The LPT connector on the Control Board will protrude through the enclosure's front panel. The power connector will be behind the enclosure's front panel, so a hole must be drilled in the enclosure to allow a power connector to mate with the Control Board's power connector. A .25 inch hole is drilled to allow the LED to protrude through the enclosure's front panel. .25 inch holes are drilled in the enclosure's front panel for mounting the Video Switches. I show a single front panel connector labeled DDS 1. I suggest another for DDS 3. The holes for MSA Input and Track Gen Output depend on the type of RF connector the builder prefers.
RF inputs and outputs of each module can be either SMA (or any small connector) or directly soldered, coaxial cable. I have been quite successful with direct connections using RG-085 and RG-141 hard pipe, and RG-188 soft coax. Click here to view a pictoral method of Coaxial Direct Connection to a PCB. I have gone so far as to remove the outer insulation of soft coax and "sweat" the outer braid with solder. This makes a 100% outer jacket. Almost as good as hard pipe!
All of the SLIMs will accomodate the installation of RF connectors on the bottoms of their boards. However, none of them have ground vias for mounting ground posts. Go here to see a pictoral on how to modify an RF connector for installation on a SLIM. These items are also on the Construction Page.
Signal and Power Interconnections for the SLIM MSA:
The following wiring diagram, along with the MSA Block Diagram is a complete interconnection scheme for the SLIM MSA/TG/VNA. Not shown are the connections to the external power supply or LPT computer port.
WDMSA-TG-VNA, Wiring Diagram, SLIM MSA/TG/VNA.
Note 1, a. and b. describes the way power is supplied to the AtoD Module. If only the Basic MSA or the MSA with Tracking Generator is constructed, Control Board-P10 supplies power to the AtoD Module. When the VNA is added, the PDM should supply power to the AtoD Module. This guarantees that the reference voltage for the analog to digital converter is the same as the maximum phase voltage of the PDM.
Use this wiring diagram for all MSA builds. Notes 2. and 3. indicate requirements for TG and VNA configurations.
Note that Control Board, P1-2 is supplying a common clock signal to (up to) five modules. It is important that independent wires be connected as a "star" configuration, with P1-2 as the common tie point, and one wire to each module. Do not "daisy chain" this signal, even though it looks like a daisy chain in the drawing. If daisy chained, the reflected signal may cause multiple clocking events, especially in the DDS modules. This is a very fast rise time and fall time signal. The data signals can be daisy chained, since they are not edge triggered.
Special Instructions for SLIMs in the MSA:
The following paragraphs will discuss any special considerations or modifications a SLIM must have when integrated into an MSA configuration. For full descriptions and construction of each SLIM, click on the SLIM part number in the paragraph's header. It will link to the Web page containing the full documentation for that SLIM, including pictures. Use your Browser's "BACK" button to return to this page.
When integrating your MSA, it is important to print out the current documentation. Make a folder with the appropriate Block Diagram, Layout Diagram, Wiring Diagram, and the Schematics for each SLIM. Then, use a red pencil to update or change the documentation that these Special Instructions require. You will have a complete, Baseline History of your system, in case there are any future design changes. I will expect this Web page and its contents to change as the MSA project continues. Also, if you ever have a question, as to performance, or are troubleshooting a problem, you can scan your document and send it to me for help. When I am asked a question, my first response is always, "What is your MSA configuration?". A picture is worth a gazillion words.
Control Board using SLIM-CB-NV rev C
The SLIM-CB-NV is designed with a Noise Filter Section. The noise filter is not required for any MSA configuration. All the components in that section can be omitted.
In the Voltage Converter section, only the +20 volts is used in the MSA. The -10v is not required in the MSA. Therefore, C18 and C19 can be omitted, although leaving them will not increase power consumption or add extra noise.
Also note that the Voltage Regulator, U5, is mounted from the bottom side of the Control Board and should be bolted to the side of the main enclosure for heat sinking. If the Control Board is not next to the enclosure side panel, I suggest attaching a heat sink to U5. U5 power dissipation is about 3 watts, maximum.
Control Boards previous to Rev C can be updated by adding the appropriate resistors and capacitors. Click on the above link for the modifications.
When installing the signal wiring harness, the common signal (DATACLK) is used to command up to 5 different modules. These wires MUST be installed as a "star" configuration. That is, all the wires are tied to a single common point on the Control Board, P1- pin 2 and then tied to the appropriate modules individually. It would be best to have all the wires of equal length. If the modules are "daisy-chained", the signal reflection can cause multiple commanding.
Mixer 1 using SLIM-MXR-1 rev A
Special Caution: Since the MSA input is directly coupled to Mixer 1, the I port diodes of the mixer can be destroyed by applying a signal with a DC voltage. It can also be destroyed by a too-high RF input signal. Good rule of thumb to prevent mixer damage: maximum input signal should not be greater than the specified L Port power (+7 dBm). To prevent accidental input over-voltage, a 3 dB to 10 dB attenuator can be installed in the I Port circuit. This will also improve input impedance matching. It will, however, shift the Dynamic Range of the MSA. The MSA will accept higher input signals.
SLIM-MXR-1 has been revised to Rev A. This revision adds an internal 2.5 dB attenuator in the L Port path.. This localized attenuation improves the conversion effeciency and port to port isolation of the ADE-11X. The LO power level applied to Mixer Module is +10 dBm (from PLO 1) and the internal attenuator drops it to 7.5 dBm, the level for the Mixer's L Port.
Once the MSA has been fully tested and its functionality verified, the user may find that the Spectrum Analyzer's Magnitude Gain versus Frequency may have an abrupt change at some frequency below 400 MHz. This is due to the Coaxial Cavity Filter path creating a mismatch to Mixer 1 at frequencies other than the prescribed First Intermediate Frequency of 1013.3 MHz. The actual frequency is dependent on the length of the coaxial path from Mixer 1 (J3) to the Coaxial Cavity Filter. The abrupt change in gain will not effect the accuracy of the MSA. This mismatch can be minimized with a simple modification to the SLIM-MXR-1 module. This modification is optional to the user, and not essential for accurate operation. The modification is adding a series 1 pfd capacitor and 50 ohm resistor from the ADE-11X's R port to ground. See the SLIM-MXR-1 page for modification information.
Mixer 2 using SLIM-MXR-2 rev B
SLIM-MXR-2 has been revised to Rev B. This revision adds an internal 2.5 dB attenuator in the L Port path. This localized attenuation improves the conversion effeciency and port to port isolation of the ADE-11X. The LO power level applied to Mixer Module is +10 dBm (from PLO 2) and the internal attenuator drops it to 7.5 dBm, the level for the Mixer's L Port.
No other special considerations are required.
Mixer 3 using SLIM-MXR-3 rev A
MXR-3 is used only when the Tracking Generator is added to the Basic MSA.
SLIM-MXR-3 has been revised to Rev A. This revision adds an internal 2.5 dB attenuator in the L port path and a 14 dB attenuator in the R port path. These localized attenuators improve the conversion effeciency and port to port isolation of the ADE-11X. The LO power level applied to Mixer 3 is +10 dBm (from PLO 3) and the attenuator drops it to 7.5 dBm, the level for the ADE-11X's L port. The R power level applied to Mixer 3 is +10 dBm (from PLO 2) and the attenuator drops it to -4 dBm, the level for the ADE-11X's R port.
There is one modification (Rev A) that is on the schematic and parts list, but needs mentioning here. The R input to Mixer 2 is operating at a fixed frequency of 1024 MHz. The ADE-11X R port impedance is not exactly, 50 ohms. Matching the mixer's R port, to the internal 14 dB attenuator, can be greatly improved by adding a 2.0 or 2.2 pF chip capacitor in the C9 position. This is on the ADE-11X, pin 3 to ground.
Normally, the J2 output of PLO 3 is driving the J1 input of Mixer 3. For 2G Band operation (1-2 GHz), the output of PLO 3 may be used as a high level Tracking Generator Output. If this option is used, bring the J2 output of PLO 3 to the Front Panel of the MSA and label it "PLO 3 Out, 1-2 GHz, +10 dBm". Also, bring the J1 input of Mixer 3 to the Front Panel so that the two connectors can be cross coupled for 1G and 3G Band operation.
Mixer 4 using SLIM-MXR-4 rev A
MXR-4 is used only when the MSA/TG is extended into a VNA.
SLIM-MXR-4 has been revised to Rev A. This revision adds an internal 2.5 dB attenuator in the L port path and a 14 dB attenuator in the R port path. These localized attenuators improve the conversion effeciency and port to port isolation of the ADE-11X. The LO power level applied to Mixer 4 is +10 dBm (from PLO 1) and the attenuator drops it to 7.5 dBm, the level for the ADE-11X's L port. The R power level applied to Mixer 4 is +10 dBm (from PLO 3) and the attenuator drops it to -4 dBm, the level for the ADE-11X's R port.
1013.3 MHz Coaxial Cavity Filter : Cavity Filter Construction Page
When constructing this filter, leave enough semi-rigid cable attached to the filter to connect to Mixer 1 and Mixer 2 of the MSA. I might even suggest that the builder construct this filter last, to insure a proper "fit" into the MSA. I mounted the Coaxial Cavity Filter vertically, and in the rear of the enclosure. It could be mounted anywhere in the enclosure and the coaxial lines can be any length. The filter is bi-directional and its orientation is not important. It does not need to be critically tuned before integration into the MSA. Critical tuning will be accomplished during the Initial Set-Up procedure.
DDS 1, using SLIM-DDS-107 rev D
The MSA configurations require only one output from DDS 1, the square wave output from the Squaring Buffer, J4. It is used as the reference clock input to J1 of PLO 1. However, I would suggest that J3 (DDS B) be populated with a pwb RF connector, or a coaxial cable running to a connector on the front panel of the MSA assembly. It can be used as a frequency source for other purposes. The DDS B output will have an amplitude of approximately -8 dBm. The signal will also contain alias frequencies and many spurious frequencies. I will publish some experiments, using this output, at a later date.
Omit or remove R3, the 49.9 ohm load resistor. This will allow a full 5 volt pp Master Clock, and the reflection will be retrurned to the Master Clock Module and be absorbed by the 33 ohm series driving resistor.
Update 7-26-09 The SLIM-DDS-107 has been changed to Revision D. Previous versions of the DDS can be modified for this change. A low pass filter network has been aded to the output of the DDS to suppress harmonic generation within the receiving module, the PLO-1. Modification is not essential for MSA operation, but it does improve its spur characteristics.
DDS 3, using SLIM-DDS-107 rev D
The DDS 3 is required only when adding the Tracking Generator or VNA to the Basic MSA. It is built and configured identically to the DDS 1. Like DDS 1, the spare output J3 of DDS 3 can be brought out to the front panel for other experimentation.
Update 7-26-09 The SLIM-DDS-107 has been changed to Revision D. Previous versions of the DDS can be modified for this change. A low pass filter network has been aded to the output of the DDS to suppress harmonic generation within the receiving module, the PLO-1. Modification is not essential for MSA operation, but it does improve its spur characteristics.
PLO 1 using SLIM-PLO-1 rev C
A fully configured SLIM-PLO-1 has two active outputs, J2 and J3. Both are used for the MSA when the Tracking Generator is added. The Basic MSA requires only one output from the PLO 1. In this Basic MSA physical layout, the B output (J3) is used, since J3 is closer to Mixer 1. If you know you will never use the J2 output, you can perform one of the following modifications. Either modification can be reversed, at a later date. However, I highly suggest you completely populate the module to take advantage of multiple Functions of the Basic MSA.
Mod A. If the SLIM-PLO-1 is fully configured with components, it can be modified to conserve power, by disconnecting the A buffer. This decreases consumption by 38 ma. Remove R13. This removes power to the amplifier. Remove C36, the input coupling capacitor to the A buffer amp. Install a 49.9 ohm resistor, size 0803 surface mount, directly on top of R24 (piggy back). This allows the VCO output divider circuit to see a correct 50 ohm load. If you do this mod, I suggest taking the removed R13 and C36 components and tack solder them to a ground spot. If this modification is reversed at a future date, the parts are there for re-installation.
Mod B. Modify the PLO to have a single output at J3. When constructing the SLIM-PLO-1, do not populate the A side buffer. Do not install the following components: R13-R17, C31-C37, L1, and U7. Install a 49.9 ohm resistor, size 0803 surface mount, directly on top of R24 (piggy back).
If you plan to expand the MSA into the VNA configuration, either now, or at a later date, use the SLIM-PLO-1 with both buffer amplifiers populated.
The SLIM-PLO-1 has been changed to Revision C to modify the Loop Filter in the Phase Locked Loop. Previous versions of the PLO can be modified for this change. Modification is not essential for MSA operation, but it does improve its spur characteristics.
Update 7-26-09 When constructing SLIM-PLO-1 for the SLIM MSA system, install C27 and R12. This changes my original suggestion of deleting them. It will suppress harmonic products that are created within the PLL.
PLO 3 using SLIM-PLO-1 rev C
PLO-3 is used when the Tracking Generator is added to the Basic MSA. When integrating only the Tracking Generator, only one buffer amplifier is required to drive Mixer 3. However, I would suggest fully constructing PLO-3 with both buffer amplifiers. The spare buffer amplifier output can be brought out to the front or rear panel and used for other experiments. Its output is 1000 MHz to 2000 MHz., at a high power level. Load it with 50 ohms if not used. If the MSA/TG is extended into the VNA configuration, both buffer amplifiers are used.
The SLIM-PLO-1 has been changed to Revision C to modify the Loop Filter in the Phase Locked Loop. Previous versions of the PLO can be modified for this change. Modification is not essential for MSA operation, but it does improve its spur characteristics.
Update 7-26-09 When constructing SLIM-PLO-1 for the SLIM MSA system, install C27 and R12. This changes my original suggestion of deleting them. It will suppress harmonic products that are created within the PLL.
Normally, the J2 output of PLO 3 is driving the J1 input of Mixer 3. For 2G Band operation (1-2 GHz), the output of PLO 3 may be used as a high level Tracking Generator Output. If this option is used, bring the J2 output of PLO 3 to the Front Panel of the MSA and label it "PLO 3 Out, 1-2 GHz, +10 dBm". Also, bring the J1 input of Mixer 3 to the Front Panel so that the two connectors can be cross coupled for 1G and 3G Band operation.
PLO 2 using SLIM-PLO-2 rev B
A fully configured SLIM-PLO-2 has two active outputs, J2 and J3. The Basic MSA requires only one output from the PLO 2, used as the LO drive for Mixer 2, at +7 dBm. In this Basic MSA physical layout, the A output (J2) is used. If you plan to add the Tracking Generator to the MSA, either now, or at a later date, fully populate the SLIM-PLO-2 with both buffer amplifiers. If you know you will never use the J2 output, you can perform one of the following modifications. Either modification can be reversed, at a later date. However, I highly suggest you completely populate the module to take advantage of multiple Functions of the Basic MSA.
Mod A. If the SLIM-PLO-2 is fully configured with components, it can be modified to conserver power, by disconnecting the B buffer. This decreases consumption by 38 ma. Remove R18. This removes power to the amplifier. Remove C43, the input coupling capacitor to the B buffer amp. Install a 49.9 ohm resistor, size 0803 surface mount, directly on top of R25 (piggy back). This allows the VCO output divider circuit to see a correct 50 ohm load. If you do this mod, I suggest taking the removed R18 and C43 components and tack solder them to a ground spot. If this modification is reversed at a future date, the parts are there for re-installation.
Mod B. Modify the PLO to have a single output at J2. When constructing the SLIM-PLO-2, do not populate the B side buffer. Do not install the following components: R18-R22, C38-C44, L21, and U8. Install a 49.9 ohm resistor, size 0803 surface mount, directly on top of R25 (piggy back).
When constructing SLIM-PLO-2 for the SLIM MSA system, omit C27 and R12. The driver to this circuit will absorb the mismatch reflection. This may seem a like poor design but it is valid. It improves the noise performance of the PLL.
Final I.F. Xtal Filter, or Resolution Bandpass Filter. Many Options.
The Final Xtal Filter determines the Resolution Bandwidth of the MSA. Steep slopes and out of band rejection is a must for good selectivity. There are many options for the MSA builder. Bandwidths can be chosen to be as narrow as 100 Hz or as wide as 2 MHz (it does not have to be a crystal filter). Since this is the choice of the builder, I will not specify any particular filter. Here are a few suggestions:
PWB-MCF. A printed wiring board that will accomodate a variety of Monolithic Crystal Filters (MCF) which can be chosen by the builder. Center frequency and resolution bandwidth is determined by the MCF. Here are some SLIM filters using this PWB, and are described on the PWB-MCF Web Page:
SLIM-MCF-FL096. Center frequency is 10.695 Mhz, bandwidth is 3.8 KHz. This is the design I used when building and testing the first SLIM MSA/TG/VNA verification unit. It is an 8 pole filter and has a loss of about 4 dB. The filter is from an old CB radio and is probably made by Uniden. However, I can not find it for sale anywhere.
SLIM-MCF-L024. Center frequency is 10.695 Mhz, bandwidth is 2.2 KHz. The monolithic crystal filter is from U.S. Electronics, part no. 10L024A. I designed this module, "blind". That is, I don't have this filter to test. However, I have tested several similar filters, taken from some single sideband CB radios, with similar characteristics. This is the only filter I could find that is on the open market. All the filters I have experimented with are not offered to the public. The problem is, U.S. Electronics sells in lots of 1000. I (we) must find a viable alternative to this filter. That is why the term "place holder" is in the title.
QMF 10725. This Hi-Q, MCF is too large to fit on the PWB-MCF board, but I placed its test data there, for information only. It is an 8 pole MCF with a bandwidth of 7.5 KHz. The QMF 10713 has 15 KHz bandwidth, with the same impedance specification. Two MSA builders have reported excellent results with this filter, acquired on E-Bay.
PWB-CLF-5. A printed wiring board that will accomodate up to 5 crystals, for constructing a Crystal Ladder Filter. Center frequency and resolution bandwidth is determined by the builder. This design is excellent for very narrow bandwidth filters, less than 1 KHz. This Web page has a few examples.
I will soon add a final filter using cascaded filters that are available from Digikey and Mouser.
Optional Filter Bank Selector using SLIM-2P4T
The Final I.F. Filters in the previous paragraph can be used individually by manually placing each filter as required. An optional Filter Bank Selector can be used to select one of four filter paths using the MSA software control. This option is not specifically shown in the MSA Block Diagram, but includes the four Final Filter Paths (the filters) and the SLIM-2P4T Switch.
Log Detector using SLIM-LD-8306
The SLIM-LD-8306 has two outputs. The Mag(nitude) Volts Output at J2 is used in the Basic MSA. The second output, Lim(ited) IF Out on J3, is not used in the Basic MSA. It is used when the MSA is expanded to the MSA/VNA configuration. If you plan not to use this output, do not install R4-R6, and C12. This will disable the limiter section of the I.C. However, I highly suggest you completely populate the module to take advantage of multiple Functions of the Basic MSA.
After much testing of the Log Detector, I have concluded that its noise floor is somewhat dependent on its operating temperature. If your MSA will use a very narrow Final Xtal Filter (less than 2 KHz), I suggest locating this module in the coolest spot in your assembly. Under a fan or next to a wall, away from excess heat. You will not see any difference when using wider bandwidths.
For the adventurous builder, there is an optional modification to the Log Detector to improve its dynamic range. It is described on the bottom of SLIM-LD-8306 .
A to D Converter, using either a 12 or 16 Bit Serial A to D Converter:
16 Bit Serial A to D Converter using SLIM-ADC-16
The SLIM-ADC-16 design has two A/D circuits, but only one is used for the Basic MSA. The other is used when the MSA is expanded to VNA operation. For the Basic MSA, the "PHA VOLTS" section can be left unpopulated. That would be U3 and all of it's supporting components. However, I highly suggest you completely populate the module to take advantage of multiple Functions of the Basic MSA. When used for the Basic MSA or MSA with Tracking Generator only, no other special considerations are required for the A to D Converter. Power to the A to D Converter is supplied by the +10v distribution on the Control Board (P9).
Optional configuration for VNA operation. When the VNA extension is integrated, there is an optional configuration to consider. This option changes the way power is supplied to the to the A to D Converter. Instead of the Control Board supplying +10 volts to the A to D Converter, the Phase Detector Module should supply a regulated +5 volts to the A to D Converter. This option will improve the Phase Measurement accuracy of the VNA. For this option, the SLIM-ADC-16 and SLIM-PDM must be modified:
Modification procedure to SLIM-ADC-16: Remove (or do not install) U1, the 5 volt regulator. Add a jumper wire between the remaining pads associated with U1 pin 3 and U1 pin 1. When interconnecting the modules in the VNA system, connect SLIM-ADC-16, P1 pins 1 and 2 to SLIM-PDM, P2, pins 1 and 2. This allows both modules to use the same 5 volt source as a common reference. If this modification is performed after an MSA Magnitude calibration, the calibration must be retaken, due to a probable change in reference voltage.
12 Bit Serial A to D Converter using SLIM-ADC-12
The SLIM-ADC-12 is an option to the 16 Bit SLIM. It is less expensive to build, yet still has good resolution. This module has two A/D circuits, but only the "Mag Volts" section is used in the Basic MSA. The other section is used when the MSA is expanded to VNA operation. For a Basic MSA, the "PHA VOLTS" section can be unpopulated. That would be U3 and all of it's supporting components. However, I highly suggest you completely populate the module to take advantage of multiple Functions of the Basic MSA.
Modification to SLIM-ADC-12 for VNA extensiton. The "PHA VOLTS" (J2) is designed for an input dynamic range of +1 volt to +4 volts. For use in the SLIM MSA/VNA, the range must be changed to 0 volts to +5 volts, the expected output of the Phase Detector Module. The reason for this change is that the designed voltage divider in the SLIM-ADC-12 can create as much as a 2% error in phase accuracy. This equates to an error of 7.2 degrees. Therefore, a modification to the SLIM-ADC-12 is required:
Modification procedure to SLIM-ADC-12: If the SLIM-ADC-12 has been fully assembled, just remove R6, a 665 ohm resistor. If you have not assembled the SLIM-ADC-12, delete R6, change R7 to 0 (zero) ohms, and delete C17 and C18. With this mod, the resolution of the SLIM-ADC-12 is 360/4095 = .0879 degrees per bit.
Optional configuration for VNA operation. When the VNA extension is integrated, there is an optional configuration to consider. This option changes the way power is supplied to the to the A to D Converter. Instead of the Control Board supplying +10 volts to the A to D Converter, the Phase Detector Module will supply a regulated +5 volts to the A to D Converter. This option will improve the Phase Measurement accuracy of the VNA. For this option, the SLIM-ADC-12 and SLIM-PDM must be modified:
Modification procedure to SLIM-ADC-12: Remove (or do not install) U1, the 5 volt regulator. Add a jumper wire between the remaining pads associated with U1 pin 3 and U1 pin 1. When interconnecting the modules in the VNA system, connect SLIM-ADC-12, P1 pins 1 and 2 to SLIM-PDM, P2, pins 1 and 2. This allows both modules to use the same 5 volt source as a common reference. If this modification is performed after an MSA Magnitude calibration, the calibration must be retaken, due to a probable change in reference voltage.
Master Oscillator using SLIM-MO-64 rev B
The SLIM-MO-64 has three outputs, all used for Tracking Generator addition. Only two are used in the Basic MSA. If an output is not used, leave it unterminated. Or, to conserve power in the Basic MSA, U6, R3, R6, and C9 could be deleted. However, I highly suggest you completely populate the module to take advantage of multiple Functions of the Basic MSA.
I.F. Amplifier using SLIM-IFA-33 rev A
No special considerations or modifications are required for MSA integration.
Optional RF/Buffer Amplifier using SLIM-RFA-1 Rev 0
This SLIM is optional and only used with the Tracking Generator or VNA builds. Only one section of the Amplifier is used. Its use will decrease the isolation effects of Mixer 3 back to PLO 2. For best VNA results below 2 MHz, this optional buffer is desireable.
PDM, Phase Detector Module, using SLIM-PDM rev C
The SLIM-PDM is used only when expanding the MSA/TG into the VNA. If the PDM is used to source its regulated +5 volts to the SLIM-ADC (AtoD Converter Module), install both FBx and FB2. No other special considerations or modifications are required for MSA/VNA integration.
Updated 11-20-10: The SLIM-PDM-revB has been modified into rev C, to improve the stability of the one-shots (U8 and U9). Two additional capacitors, C24 and C25 (22 pfd) are added to the schematic and added to the SLIM assembly. A new PWB is not released. PWB-PDM Rev A is still current. The layout is modified to LAYSLIM-PDM-revC. The schematic is modified from SKSLIM-PDM Rev B to SKSLIM-PDM Rev C.
Specifications for the Basic MSA (Basic Spectrum Analyzer)
Dual Conversion Topology 1013.3 MHz first I.F., 10.7 MHz, final I.F.
Frequency of Operation 10 KHz to 1 GHz, 1-2 GHz (2G Path Option), and 2-3 GHz
Frequency Resolution < 6 Hz
Sensitivity -110 dBm
Dynamic Range greater than 85 dB, dependent on Resolution BW
Amplitude Resolution 0.04 dB or better
Resolution Bandwidth builder options, I use 1 KHz, 4 KHz and 30 KHz Final Filters
Noise Figure <23 dB
Phase Noise -91 dBc/Hz, @ 1 MHz, 10 KHz from carrier
Image Rejection In-Band Image Rejection better than -100 dBc
IM Distortion Two tone, -60 dBc or better
Max Input Signal RF = +13 dBm; DC= 20 ma
Number of SLIMs 11, plus coaxial cavity filter
Cost $300 to $500, depending on options. Lower with a good "junk box"
Specifications for the Tracking Generator Addition, MSA/TG :
Output Frequency, Level < 1 Hz to 1000 MHz @ -11 dBm, +/- 1 dB (difference)
2000 MHz to 3000 MHz @ -14 dBm, +/- 2 dB (sum)
1000 MHz to 2000 MHz @ -20 dBm, +/- 2 dB (feedthru)
1000 MHz to 2000 MHz @ +9 dBm, +/- 1 dB (bypass option)
Number of SLIMs 3 additional to Basic MSA
Cost $85 to $100, depending on options
Specifications for the Vector Network Analyzer Extension, MSA/TG/VNA :
Frequency of Operation same as SA (0-1 GHz, 1-2 GHz, 2-3 GHz)
Instantaneous Dynamic Range greater than 70 dB
Phase Resolution 0.1 degrees or better
Number of SLIMs 2 additional to MSA/TG
Cost $16 to $25, depending on options
Cost of the MSA using SLIMs
Approximate cost ($USA) of the MSA, fully built boards with connectors, without connectors, or with minimum parts required for the Basic MSA (some SLIMs may be partially built):
| SLIMs | Full Boards | wo Conns | w Min Pts |
| SLIM-ADC-12 | 33.44 | 23.96 | 14.23 |
| SLIM-CB-NV | 39.3 | 29.82 | 25.86 |
| SLIM-DDS-107 | 52.33 | 33.37 | 33.37 |
| SLIM-IFA-33 | 30.52 | 11.56 | 11.56 |
| SLIM-LD-8306 | 45.16 | 30.94 | 30.69 |
| SLIM-MCF-L024 | 25.84 | 16.36 | 16.36 |
| SLIM-MO-64 | 25.15 | 10.93 | 10.47 |
| SLIM-MXR-1 | 20.63 | 6.41 | 6.41 |
| SLIM-MXR-2 | 21.75 | 7.53 | 7.53 |
| SLIM-PLO-1 | 68.54 | 54.32 | 51.89 |
| SLIM-PLO-2 | 49.52 | 35.3 | 32.87 |
| Total for SLIMs Only | 412.18 | 260.5 | 241.24 |
are used. We have found some connectors as low as $.50.
Added costs of other materials:
| Other
Materials |
w/Conns |
wo Conns |
w/Min Pts |
| 28 in. RG-085@$5 ft. |
11.67 | 11.67 | 11.67 |
| 23 coax conns@$4.74 |
109.02 | 0 | 0 |
| Cavity Filter |
13.48 | 4 | 4 |
| Wall Wart Pwr Supply |
15 | 15 | 15 |
| Front Panel Conns. |
6 | 6 | 6 |
| Enclosure Box |
20 | 20 | 20 |
| Total for
Basic MSA |
587.35 | 317.17 | 297.91 |
Added cost for Tracking Generator Addition:
| SLIMs | Full Boards | wo Conns |
| SLIM-MXR-3 | 21.75 | 7.53 |
| SLIM-PLO-3 | 68.54 | 54.32 |
| SLIM-DDS-107 | 52.33 | 33.37 |
Added cost for VNA Extension:
| SLIMs | Full Boards | wo Conns |
| SLIM-MXR-4 | 21.75 | 7.53 |
| SLIM-PDM | 23.66 |
9.44 |